The September 1930 elections produced a highly fragmented Reichstag, making the formation of a stable government impossible. President Paul von Hindenburg appointed a minority government, headed by the Centre Party's Heinrich BrĂ¼ning, which could only govern by using Hindenburg's emergency powers. In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican parties (the Social Democratic Party (SPD), Centre Party and both liberal parties) collapsed. Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 19, while industrial production dropped by around 42%. Campaigning in front of a polling place in Berlin
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